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Hearing the Meanings of Words
— Nicholas Schoggen’01

Most writers will tell you that poetry is not where the money is. But looking at the turnout for Beloit College’s three-day Festival of International Poetry in September, you probably wouldn’t believe a word of it. As a start, audiences were introduced to five of today’s most influential international poets: Marjorie Agosin, Sergey Gandlevsky, Ulla Hahn, Gustavo Perez Firmat, and Hubert Lucot; respectively representing Chile, Russia, Germany, Cuba, and France. Chinese poet Bei Dao joined the group; he is in residence this year as the holder of the Mackey Chair in creative writing.

The event was an occasion for discussions of the literary and political challenges that poets face today. To this end, poetry was everywhere. Students read works from their favorite international poets, poets talked to students, poets and faculty conducted roundtable discussions, and as a finale, a poetry reading filled the Poetry Garden edge to edge with a delighted audience that attracted passers-by.

For first-day openers, students read poems from such greats as Aleksandr Pushkin, Charles Baudelaire, and Jorge Luis Borges. Poems ranged from the somber "How others see" by the Hungarian poet Miklos Radnoti, to the sly "Woman and cat" by French author Paul Verlaine. The audience was treated to a six-person production and reading of "The City" by the Chinese poet Gu Cheng. This lyrical, almost musical piece featured the voices of John Rosenwald, professor of English, and Phil Straffin, White professor of mathematics and computer science, among others. In addition, the participants discussed the challenges of translating such a poem. In fact, translation was a key topic during the festival.

More than 15 voices were heard in the first part of the festival. They spoke Russian, Hungarian, French, Japanese, German, Portuguese, Chinese, Croatian, and even a little English. It was a perfect beginning to the event which was developed by a number of faculty members, with organization provided by Donna Oliver, Russian studies chair.

Prof. Rosenwald said, with an air of something like exhaustion, "These last couple of weeks have been unbelievable," but smiled and added, "Hectic, but great." The heart of the festival focused on Saturday readings in the Poetry Garden, a perfect showcase for each of the poet-guests. Listeners got a chance to sample the effects of translation. Each of the poets read his or her works in the original language, and listeners, using the programs provided, could follow the English translation or the original language.

Even passers-by stopped now and again to take in the simple stoicism of Gandlevsky or the rapid, fluid narration of Lucot. Firmat’s quick, clever "Bilingual Blues" had the audience laughing aloud by the end. Bei Dao’s reading was followed by a special guest: Zhang Zhen, a young Chinese poet and fan of Bei Dao, read three of her own poems in English. Each poet was able to showcase his or her individual style.

Incorporating experience

The background of each poet influences his or her work. Marjorie Agosin was raised in Chile, and came to the United States to escape the military coup that overthrew the Socialist government of Salvador Allende. She is Jewish, and the experiences of growing up Jewish in Chile are major influences on her poetry.

Sergey Gandlevsky, a native of Moscow, has been writing poetry since he was 18. He met with a great deal of success in small foreign journals, but his work has only begun appearing in Russian journals since the 1980s. After growing up near Cologne, Germany, Ulla Hahn trained for industrial sales and completed her second education "poetry" at night school. She has published numerous books and has been awarded several literary prizes.

Gustavo Perez Firmat, who came to the U.S. from Cuba when he was 11, is a professor of Spanish at Columbia University. He has written several books of literary criticism, and his own poetry is available in several collections. Hubert Lucot pioneered a writing technique in1970-71 dubbed the "graph technique." It uses spacing and timing to change the perspective of a piece. He has published several other books in a more typical style.

These poets were joined by Bei Dao, one of the foremost proponents of the Cloud/Mist style of poetry. Accused of helping to incite the events at Tiananmen Square and exiled from China in 1989, Bei Dao has always written poems with a political element, inspired by his life during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and his role in the democracy movement. He works closely with John Rosenwald, both for translation and for creative collaboration.

Perhaps Prof. Rosenwald best summed up the language-saturated atmosphere surrounding the poetry festival when he quoted former Mackey Chair of Creative Writing Ursula K. LeGuin who said, "All writing is translation." Gustavo Perez Firmat elaborated on this with a reading from his book, Life on the Hyphen. In it he discusses not only the challenges of translating actual words from one language to another, but the challenges of translating and preserving the concepts behind the words between thought and words in any language.

Substitute
Teaching

Sinking ships and the retired
    general on Sixth Street
like to sleep to quell the storms
I was fired, a letter bearing authoritative figures
    forced me to acknowledge
    their heaven it’s true, I’m not worth
    mentioning
my story on a wheel

the white birches’ tidy rows of
    bowstrings
come together on the stal-
    lion’s neck
branch roads canvassing the
    map
are tinted as they cut through
    memory
the library’s closed
cataloged witnesses
wait for counterclockwise love

I substitute for a teacher
who’s gone into the forest to
    give birth to a book
I throw myself at a blackboard
    bigger than a book where birds have hidden
    seeds
outside the window, lawns
    grow green
from the balloon man
every kid carries a wish away


Bei Dao, translated by Eliot Weinberger and Iona Man-Cheong

Faculty email:

Bei Dao - Mackey Professor, creative writing
Donna Oliver - associate professor and chair, modern languages and literatures
John Rosenwald - professor, English
Philip Straffin - Thomas F. White Professor of Math and Computer Science


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